Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad approach to understand the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call holism. They consider the past, through archaeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was important to them. Anthropology is the systematic study of humanity, with the goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence across the world and through time. The focus of Anthropology is on understanding both our shared humanity and diversity and engaging with diverse ways of being in the world.

The Four Subfields.

There are now four major fields of anthropology:

• Biological anthropology, 
• Cultural anthropology,
• Linguistic anthropology, and
• Archaeology.

Each focuses on a different set of research interests and generally uses different research techniques.

Biological anthropology.

Biological anthropology (also called physical anthropology), then, is an interesting mixture of social studies and biological studies; several other ingredients make it even more fascinating. The two primary concept areas that tend to hold biological anthropology together are human evolution and human biosocial variation; there are many topics that can be studied within these two concept areas.

Most biological anthropologists teach and do research at universities and colleges around the country. Some teach in high schools, as well. Others work for various state and federal government agencies, and still, others are privately employed. At colleges and universities, they can be found in departments of anthropology, anatomy, biological sciences, human biology, zoology, and in medical school departments, and also in combined departments of sociology and anthropology or social sciences. 

Cultural anthropology.

Cultural anthropology addresses broad questions about what it means to be human in contemporary societies and cultures, as well as those of the recent past. Cultural anthropologists systematically explore topics such as technology and material culture, social organization, economies, political and legal systems, language, ideologies and religions, health and illness, and social change. Students concentrating in cultural anthropology are strongly advised to take the course in ethnographic research methods, ANTH 18. 

Linguistic anthropology.

Linguistic anthropology is dedicated to the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. This entry reviews the history of the discipline within the tradition of four-field anthropology established in the USA by Franz Boas at the beginning of the twentieth century and highlights its major figures and their theoretical contributions to the science of language as part of the culture. It includes a discussion of linguistic relativity, the role of language in defining the context of interaction, the focus on performance as opposed to competence, and recent trends such as language socialization, language contact, and language ideology. 

Archaeology.

Archaeologists study human culture by analyzing the objects people have made. They carefully remove from the ground such things as pottery and tools, and they map the locations of houses, trash pits, and burials in order to learn about the daily lives of people. They also analyze human bones and teeth to gain information on people’s diets and the diseases they suffered. Archaeologists collect the remains of plants, animals, and soils from the places where people have lived in order to understand how people used and changed their natural environments. The time range for archaeological research begins with the earliest human ancestors millions of years ago and extends all the way up to the present day. 

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Applied Anthropology and its Practice.

Applied or practicing anthropologists are an important part of anthropology. Each of the four subfields of anthropology can be applied. Applied anthropologists work to solve real-world problems by using anthropological methods and ideas. For example, they may work in local communities helping to solve problems related to health, education, or the environment. They might also work for museums or national or state parks helping to interpret history.

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Which job you can pursue after completing anthropology 

Anthropologists are employed in a number of different sectors, from colleges and universities to government agencies, NGOs, businesses, and health and human services. Within the university, they teach undergraduate and graduate anthropology, and many offer anthropology courses in other departments and professional schools such as business, education, design, and public health. Anthropologists contribute significantly to interdisciplinary fields such as international studies and ethnic and gender studies, and some work in academic research centers. Outside the university, anthropologists work in government agencies, private businesses, community organizations, museums, independent research institutes, service organizations, the media; and others work as independent consultants and research staff for agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control, UNESCO, the World Health Organization, and the World Bank.

Anthropology FAQS

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