Bachelor of Business Administration [BBA] (Hotel Management) Top Colleges, Admission Process, Entrance Exam, Jobs 2023

Sounak Banerjee's profile photo

Sounak Banerjee

Associate Content Manager

Bachelor of Business Administration is an Undergraduate Degree of 3 years. It is a regular degree provided by UGC recognized universities. This course related to management activities in Resort and Hotels like Hotel and Catering Management,Property Management.

The BBA in Hotel Management Syllabus covers Management, Finance, Hotel Operation, Food and Beverage making the student highly skilled in just a three year span.

Multiple entrance examinations are conducted nationally like AIMA UGAT, NCHM JEE,CUET,State HM (MAH CET HM,WBJEE HM, AIHMCT WAT), PUTHAT, majority of which is conducted online with MCQ based paper.

A minimum of 55% in the last qualifying examination is required followed by an admission test or direct admission. BBA includes internship in the Second year itself to make the candidate prepared for the hospitality.Institute of Hotel Management and Indian Institute of Hotel Management are some of the old reputed institutions for BBA in Hotel Management. 

Check:

From concept and nature of Management to Basic Accounting,Components of Computer Software to Ownership Structure of Hotels, BBA in Hotel Management covers everything related to the Hotel & Hospitality Industry.

The average expected salary of a fresh graduate is 5,00,000 INR. The job profiles offered after BBA in Hotel Management are Front Office Manager,Hotel Operation Manager,Food and Beverage Manager.

BBA Hotel Management: Course Highlights

The major highlights of this course at a glance is mentioned here

Course Level UG
Full-Form Bachelor of Business Administration
Duration 3 years
Examination type PBT/CBT
Eligibility 10+2 with minimum 55%/UGAT score
Admission Process Mostly direct admission on the basis of 10+2 score
Course Fee INR 90,000 to 3,00,00
Average Salary INR 4,00,000 to 7,00,000 (varies country wise)
Job Profile Hotel Manager,Customer Service Executive,Food and Beverage Manager ,Front Office Manager
Employment Area Hotel,Multinational Companies,Cruise,Airline, Hospital administration and catering.
Top Recruiting Companies Shangri-La,The Park,Jumeirah,Hyatt regency, JW Marriott,The Lalit,Radisson,Taj

Why study BBA Hotel Management?

The choice to study Hotel Management completely depends on the candidates aspiration.Some of the merits of learning BBA are :

  • BBA in Hotel Management prepares with the required skill set for the Hospitality Business world. This degree will provide the candidate in depth training on how to manage all the departments.
  • Hotel Management is largely an operations oriented subject so the curriculum is designed accordingly with subjects like Food Operation, F&B Operation,Housekeeping Operation.
  • This degree will ensure excellent placement opportunities in India as well as abroad by almost every institute.
  • Quick decision making through Personality Development and Managerial Communication classes is a part of the syllabus of BBA Hotel Management.
  • Learning from the professionals of this industry is also an opportunity during the course and internship in the 3rd or 4th Semester as often the professionals are visiting faculties of the Hotel Management Institutes.
  • The average starting salary of a fresher can be somewhere in between 3.5 to 6 LPA.

BBA Hotel Management: Admission Process

In Hotel Management Undergraduate degree students are mainly selected on the basis of the HSC score or there are special entrance examinations conducted by few institutes such as Common Sage University Aptitude Test , Undergraduate Aptitude Test which are conducted in a year with a rather easy set syllabus.

  • Few institutes take direct admission in the BBA Hotel Management course.
  • In case of Entrance exams it is required to keep an update on the notification of following BBA Hotel Management Colleges.
  • After the announcement for application,candidates for offline application can purchase the registration form or can apply online by visiting the website.
  • Essential documents during registration should be uploaded correctly according to the instruction given.
  • Test centres are mentioned in the portal to help the candidate in choosing centres according to their convenience.
  • After the examination on the given date results will be announced on the following website.
  • Candidates who manage to clear the set cut off marks by the institutions will be called for counselling.
  • Producing original documents on the counselling date and completing the admission procedure candidates can secure their position in their choice of college.

BBA in Hotel Management: Eligibility

For BBA Hotel Management the eligibility criteria is applicable for both Merit based or Entrance based examination.The minimum eligibility criteria for this course is listed below

  • The candidates must have cleared the last qualifying examination which is Class XII Boards.
  • In order to get admission in BBA Hotel Management the minimum aggregate is 55% from a recognized board.

BBA Hotel Management Entrances

Generally the admission is directly on merit basis depending on the marks obtained in 12 boards.There are particularly some institutions which conduct their own entrance examination .Candidates who qualify the entrance test are called for an interview. Admission is done on the basis of the performance both in tests and personal interviews.

Exam Name Application Form Exam Date
CUET February 2023 – 4th week of March 2023

May 21 – 31, 2023

Reserved date: June 1 –7, 2023

IPU CAT March 2023 – April 2023 April 2023
NPAT December 01, 2022 – May 21, 2023  January 04, 2023 – May 31, 2023
SET 2023 December 15, 2022– April 12, 2023  

May 6, 2023 (Test 1 - 11:30 AM to 12:30 PM)

May 14, 2023 (Test 2 - 11:30 AM to 12:30 PM)

How to prepare for the entrance examination for BBA in Hotel Management?

The entrance examination are of two hour so candidates should be prepared beforehand to clear the cut off and get admission in one of the top Hotel Management Institutes.Here are few important tips for preparation:

  • The candidate should be aware of the latest changes in the examination pattern due to Covid-19.For that they can keep an eye on the official websites of the following entrance exams.
  • Knowing the detailed syllabus for BBA HM entrance of preparation.A total of 130 MCQs from different sections such as English Language, General Knowledge,Numerical & Data analysis and General Intelligence.
English Language Verbal Reasoning,One word substitution,Syllogisms, Idioms,Analogies,Antonyms,Sentence Correction, Contextual usage
General Knowledge Business,Economy,History,Geography,Current Affairs.
Numerical & Data Analysis Geometry,Number System,Ratio Proportion, Percentage,Average, Profit Loss, Geometric Progression.
General Intelligence Visual Reasoning, Puzzles, Arrangement,Series, Numeric Grid, Critical Reasoning, Statement Conclusion.
  • There is no negative marking in most of the entrances, still candidates need to be certain to answer the questions.
  • To build the confidence candidates need to practice mock tests from the sample papers or some of the test series mentioned below.
  • Reading the newspaper on a regular basis will be helpful for the General Knowledge section which has 30 questions.
  • Solving papers in the given time without a break can be effective for the exam day.
  • Previous year question papers of the entrance should be solved as chances are questions can be common from the last five years.
  • Practicing regularly and effectively studying for four to five hours a day is more than enough for securing good marks in the entrance test.

Few books which will help in the preparation for the entrance examination are as follows:

  • Hotel Management Exam Guide by LearnX
  • NCHMCT-JEE Previous Year Papers Solved by RPH Editorial Board
  • Wiley’s ExamXpert BBA Entrance Exam by Wiley India
  • Manorama Year Book by K.M Mathew and M.Mathew
  • 30 Days Wonder Maths by S.Chand
  • Hotel Management Entrance Exam Guide by Dr. R P Datson.

How to get admission in a reputed BBA Hotel Management College?

Candidates who wish to get admission in the best colleges then they should smartly plan their schedule and get prepared to clear the entrance exam.

  • Candidates need to have the minimum eligibility criteria of having 55% in Class XII boards.
  • A good preparation for the entrance exam is always a safe option.
  • Preparation must be started after announcement of application fill up that doubles up the chance of doing well in the exam.
  • For the interview as well, the Current Affairs part candidate should be reading the newspaper and checking the trends and market of Hotel Management.
  • Checking the course curriculum,regular and visiting faculty as well exposure ,internship will help the candidate to sort out the best college for them.
  • Placement opportunity is a must on the checklist .The last few years record will be helpful to understand the placement condition.

BBA in Hotel Management: Top Colleges

These are known to be the best colleges for BBA in Hotel Management in India given below in the tabulated form with the location as well as course fee and placement package

College Name City Average Annual Fees
Indian Institute of Hotel Management Kolkata INR 2 Lac
Indraprastha Institute of Technology and Management New Delhi INR 1.35 Lac
Institute of Hotel Management Catering and Nutrition New Delhi INR 1.32 Lac
IHM Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar INR 67,200
Andhra University Visakhapatnam INR 99,614
Manipal University Jaipur INR 1.53Lac
IIHM Bangalore Bengaluru INR 1.88 Lac
LNCT University Bhopal INR 45,000
Guru Nanak Institute of Hotel Management Kolkata INR 1.30 Lac
Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun INR 53,200
Amity Global Business School Noida INR 2.7 Lac

BBA Hotel Management: College Comparison

The top 3 colleges for BBA Hotel Management have slight differences which are categorised according to some parameters as mentioned below:

Parameters IIHM Bangalore IIHM Kolkata IHM Bhubaneswar
Overview IIHM Bangalore was established in 1994. IIHM Bangalore has excellent infrastructure facilities with multilingual students. One of best IIHMs established in the year 1994 by Suborno Bose that has affiliations both with MAKAUT and IGNOU. IHM Bhubaneswar was established in 1973.It is affiliated to NCHMCT.
Location Bangalore Kolkata Bhubaneswar
Eligibility 10+2 E-Chat Class XII passed from recognized board E-Chat NCHMCT JEE 10+2
Admission process Entrance based Entrance based Entrance based
Average Fee INR 1.88 Lac INR 1.72 Lac INR 1.09 Lac
Average Salary INR 7 lac INR 7 Lac INR 6.8 Lac
Top Recruiting Companies Hyatt Regency,Taj, Novotel Swissotel,Taj,The Park,Oberoi Four Seasons, Hilton,The Leela,Taj
BBA

BBA Hotel Management Syllabus

The BBA students have to learn about Hotel Management to Hospitality also Finance throughout the six semester over a period of three years .The given syllabus is given according to the semester

SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2
Fundamentals of Management Hospitality Marketing
Hospitality Accounting Business Communication
Basic Computing Skills Human Resource Management
Basic of Front Office Operation Basics of Food Production
Managing Housekeeping Operation Basics of Food & Beverages Service
SEMESTER 3 SEMESTER 4
Financial Management Organisation Behaviour
Food Production Techniques Service Marketing
Restaurant & Bar operation Room Division Management
Banqueting Management Personality Development
Housekeeping Management Communicative English
SEMESTER 5 SEMESTER 6
Legal Studies Event Management
Project and facilities planning Institutional Catering
Food production management & Control Managerial Communication
Information Technology Transport Management
Industrial Relation Statistics for Manager

Important Books of BBA Hotel Management

These are some of the basic books of Hotel Management which can help them sail through the semester easily.To learn more about different skills and techniques books will play very important role in BBA Hotel Management

Books Author
Professional Hotel Management Dr. Jagmohan Negi
Hotel Revenue Management : From Theory to Practice Stanislav Ivanov
Food and Beverage Service R. Singaravelavan
Hotel Housekeeping Management & Operation Sudhir Andrews
Hotel Front Office Management James A.Bardi
Food Production Operations Parvinder Bali

BBA in Hotel Management Job Prospects

This course is so versatile and dynamic candidates can expect job offers for variety of roles related to Hotel Operation Management

  • Students after completing Bachelor in Business Administration can join any Hotels or Hospitality Chain.
  • Skilled Hotel Managers are valued and even the pay package is really well.
  • Even the Government Tourism Endeavours are a secured place to start the career after graduating.
  • HR Manager and Accounts Manager are the two offset jobs that are also offered to fresh BBA graduates .
  • With the rise in need for Hotels,the job prospect in this field is regularly rising.
Job Roles Description Average Annual Salary
Front Office Manager To supervise the work of Receptionists,Reservation and Information Clerk and to ensure that the requirement of the guests are catered on time. INR 4.50 Lac
Restaurant and Food Service Manager To keep a check on the stock of the kitchen cutlery,utensils requirements and arrange equipment maintenance ,repair. INR 4.30 Lac
Housekeeping Manager To supervise the working of the housekeeping, cleaners with timely ordering of cleaning supplies. INR 3.80 Lac
Department Manager To train the newcomers in various departments from the office work ,F&B as well as housekeeping. INR 4.20 Lac
Sales and Marketing Executive Responsible for the sales and service of the product line of the company INR 4.96 Lac
Banquet Manager Working with the catering department and the food & beverage department related to special events. INR 4 Lac
BBA

Future Scope of BBA in Hotel Management

A hotel management graduate is open to work in variety of fields which are Multinational Companies,Travel and Tourism,Aviation,Corporate Business, Entrepreneurship,Event Management, Government Tourism Sector and Academician

  • The starting salary ranges from 3,50,000 to 15,00,000 as a Senior Level Manager after gaining experience of more than five years.
  • As in India, tourism and travel are growing gradually. The sector has a huge potential in the future.One can be a specialist in any particular department.
  • Candidates with excellent communication and networking skills can promote easily in their job and can rise up to a position of Director of Hotel Operation wherein the candidate needs to develop strategies to make the operational procedure more feasible and smooth.They are also responsible for effective employee coordination and creating a productive working environment.
  • The Hotel Management Industry is generating revenue of more than US$600 billion every year globally.With the spike in growth, the generation of jobs have also increased.

These are some of the Academic Future options for the candidate who do not want to join the Hotel Management Industry right after BBA –

BBA in Hotel Management: FAQs

Ques. What is the difference in job profile of Hospitality Management Graduate with Hotel Management graduate?

Ans. Hospitality Management Graduates are expected to cater to different industries to maximize the people management while in Hotel Management the candidate is expected to manage all the operation procedures related to the hotel.

Ques. What is the average annual salary of a BBA graduate?

Ans. The salary can be from 5,00,000 to 8,00,000 Lac depending on the company they are associated with as well as the years of experience.

Ques. Is BBA specialization in Hotel Management too expensive as a course?

Ans. If the candidate is passionate about the Tourism,Hospitality and Hotel Business one should definitely take up this wholesome course. In Fact BBA in Hotel Management is very affordable in the government colleges in India,

Ques. What is the duration of the course?

Ans. It is a three year duration course with six semesters.

Ques. What is the admission process of BBA in Hotel Management?

Ans. BBA Hotel Management is a merit basis in some colleges while few colleges conduct entrance examinations.

Ques. What is the most popular entrance examination for UG courses in Hotel Management?

Ans. UGAT by All India Management Association is the most popular entrance examination .

Ques. What are the academic options after BBA in Hotel Management?

Ans. The options are MBA in Hotel Management,MHM,M.HMCT.

Ques. What is the course fee for Masters courses in Hotel Management?

Ans. The course fee for Masters Program can range from INR 50000 to 1.5 Lac .

Ques. What is future scope or the position that one can get after a few years of experience?

Ans. Director of Hotel Operations or starting own chain of hotels can be the best future scope for Hotel Management.

Ques. Name some of the top recruiters for BBA Hotel Management?

Ans. The Park,Jumeirah,Hyatt regency,JW Marriott,The Lalit,Radisson are some of the top recruiters.

Bachelor of Business Administration [BBA] (Hotel Management) : 266 answered questions

VIEW ALL

Ques. How good is NMIMS Bangalore for BBA?

● Top Answer By Dabadrita Mukherjee on 01 Aug 22

Ans. The BBA program offered by NMIMS Bangalore is great. The department has a top-notch faculty branch. Most of the faculty members are alumni of reputed B-Schools such as IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow, etc. Most of the faculty members are friendly and cooperative.  NMIMS BBA syllabus is extensive. You will learn the recent industry trends and practices. This program is accredited by ANBA, this certification adds more value to the degree.  NMIMS Bangalore placements are good. Around 93% of students get placed from BBA each year. The average CTC received by the students of BBA is around INR 5-6 LPA.Read more
1
0
2 Answer
●●●

Ques. What is the fee structure of IPM from IIM INDORE?

● Top Answer By Yatika Mehla on 22 Jan 24

Ans. The IPM fee structure of IIM Indore was last updated on 16th June 2023, for the batch of 2023-28.  For Resident Indian students, the course fee for the first 3 years is Rs. 5 Lakhs per year. This fee is Rs. 7.5 Lakhs per year for International students. Other fees include a Medical Insurance of Rs. 711 each year, a mess deposit of Rs. 54,000 each year, and a refundable caution deposit of Rs. 50,000 in the first year. The caution deposit is refunded after completing the 5 year course. The course fee for 4th and 5th year will be the same as the updated PGP fees for 2026-2028 batch. The cost of lodging, tuition, internet facilities and library is all combined into the total course fee for each year. The course fee does not include textbook cost. The course and mess charges are payable in three installments. IPM students, during the first 3 years, get a shared accommodation. Single room accommodation is made available for 4th and 5th year students.  This is the complete breakdown of fee structure for IPM at IIM Indore.Read more
0
0
2 Answer
●●●

Ques. How good is Amity University for a BBA?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 18 Aug 23

Ans. My brother recently completed his BBA from Amity University and gave me an overview of the scenario. Here is a short review of the college Campus and Location: Amity University has an amazing campus life thanks to its huge campus and location. It's located in close proximity to Delhi and Noida. The campus has great facilities making the academic experience better. Academics: Here, students have to depend mostly on self-study as the faculty has no passion for teaching.  Crowd: The crowd quality is great and you will be surrounded by an elite pool of students hailing from the NCR Region. The fests are organized at a huge level and students get to experience amazing campus life.  Return on Investment: The institute offers a very low ROI. you will end up spending a lot of money with not very good placements. So, it's advisable to start preparing for an MBA right from the first year. Most companies coming for BBA students are BPO and KPO.  So, Amity University is a great choice if you have no financial constraints and are looking for a vibrant college life. Read more
0
0
2 Answer
●●●

Ques. What would be the placement of the IIM IPM Rohtak course?

● Top Answer By Sumit Mishra on 08 Jul 22

Ans. It’s difficult to predict what would be the IIM Rohtak placement like for the IPM course. It will depend on the institute and the students. How the institute will handle 160 students and what type of exposure and internship opportunities are available for the students.  You can expect the placement for IPM to be decent, as IIM Rohtak has a good placement record for other courses. Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. What is the average package for BBA at Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies Pune? What all companies come for placements?

● Top Answer By Shruti Sharma on 15 May 21

Ans. One of my friends studied BBA at SCM Pune, so I will be able to give you the placement scenario of Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies.  Recruiters that hire students from Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies are KPMG, Accenture, Jindal Steel, Reliance Industries, Aditya Birla Group, ICICI Prudential, Aircel, Ernst & Young, HDFC Bank, RBI, Amazon, Con Hewitt, Kotak Life Insurance, Kellogg India, Sanofi, Tommy Hilfiger.  The salary package can be higher if you put effort and hard work into college. The number keeps fluctuating, so instead of worrying about placement, focus on learning and gaining new knowledge.  You might also get a pre-placement offer where you can do an internship. SCMS gives several opportunities as it is diverse in nature, which usually lacks in other BBA colleges.  Here is the table which will give you placement details of BBA at Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies Pune.  Category Symbiosis Fees INR 9.10 Lakh Average CTC INR 4.5 LPA Highest CTC INR 17 LPA It is better you also invest your time in activities joining clubs, cells, committees, Enactus, boards, societies apart from academics. You will gain several skills including critical management skills.  Therefore, don’t worry much about placements. Focus on gaining knowledge and skills while at college. Welcome every opportunity you get and perform well in it.Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. What is the procedure to do IPM course from IIM Indore?

● Top Answer By Hrida Pathak on 21 Aug 21

Ans. IIM Indore offers an Integrated Program in Management (IPM) which is a 5-year management program. The detailed procedure for admission to the course is given below. Eligibility Criteria:  Passed 12th in 2019, 2020, or appearing in 2021 and secured 60% in 10th examination. Application fee and registration:  Application fee of INR 4,130 (general and NC-OBC candidates) and INR 2,065 (SC/ST/PwD candidates). Register for the entrance test online. Aptitude Test (AT):  Consists of Quantitative Ability (MCQ), Quantitative Ability (Short Answer), and Verbal Ability (MCQ) having a time limit of 1.5 hours. You need to clear the cut-off to appear for the Personal Assessment (PA). Personal Assessment (PA):  It consists of a personal interview (PI) and a writing ability test (WAT). But for 2021-22, only PI will be conducted Final Admission:  It depends on the composite score of your aptitude test and personal assessment. The weightage is PA – 35% and AT – 65%. This is the complete procedure of admission to the IPM course at IIM Indore.Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. What is the ranking of CMS Jain University for a BBA? Is it really good?

● Top Answer By Harry Singh on 15 May 21

Ans. C.M.S Jain University Bangalore is an integral part of Jain University Bangalore. I know a few people from the institute. Here is a brief overview of the institute based on what I heard through them. Highlights:  C.M.S Jain has attracted students from over 25 countries since its establishment. It is considered to be an engineering marvel as it provides a state-of-the-art spatial look.  The institute is well-equipped with an auditorium, a fitness center, a multi-course café, a wifi Campus with a well-designed library, classrooms equipped with the new AV aids, a computer seminar space.  Times B-School, optimum media solutions in partnership with i3RC to carried out its second B School BBA edition in 2017 to review the top management institutes of India. C.M.S was 14th in that Ranking. The courses at the institute are spread over 41 undergraduate, 48 postgraduate, and 56 programs. The University has signed over 87 MOUs.  It has unveiled the "JGI Foundation" with a view to improving social responsibility.  The University ranking by some reputed organizations is as below. Awarded “A” grade by NAAC. Awarded Karnataka Kreeda Poshak Award, a special award from the government of Karnataka for its contribution to the field of sports. It has also acquired 4 stars in the young university category in Karnataka by KSURF iCARE ratings. Ranked 20 for overall by IndiaToday 2020. Ranked 22 for BBA by Times 2020. This should give you a fair idea of the institute.Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. What's the future after completing the IPM at IIM, Indore?

● Top Answer By Aryan Thapar on 26 Aug 21

Ans. Any institute will help you with an arrangement of opportunities, may even get you a job in Finance or Management but it will be your decision, whether you'd want to pursue other interests or be in the job available.  The package offered by IPM would definitely be lower than the one offered by the Engineering+MBA (IIM) program. It will nevertheless give you entrepreneurial skills that can be used if you'd like to and create your own empire. Satya Nadella, the CEO of Microsoft, graduated from Manipal Institute of Technology. But he has made his future. So don't worry, just be strategic and utilize your resources.Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. Is the IPM course at IIM Indore better than doing engineering, followed by management in top IIMs?

● Top Answer By Himani Gupta on 20 Aug 21

Ans. If you are willing to pursue MBA after the completion of your engineering then IPM is the good option for you as you can complete your IPM in five years while engineering and MBA together will be for the entire six years. If you go for IPM, you will have one year of job experience after six years.  In the IPM program, you will get to learn relevant courses in the undergraduate (first three years), while the things you will learn in engineering, will not be of much use in an MBA.  IPM gives you a chance of doing an MBA from an IIM. If you want you can also attempt CAT to get into another IIM, after 3 years of the course.  If you are determined to do an MBA after gaining some experience, then IPM gives that option too. After two years of the IPM program, you will have the chance to work for two years. After that, you can come back and pursue your MBA from IIM Indore. Read more
0
0
1 Answer
●●●

Ques. What was the highest package at IIM Indore IPM?

● Top Answer By Rahul Menon on 23 Jan 24

Ans. IIM Indore has published a combined report for its PGP and IPM courses, for its 2023 placements. As per the report, the highest package was 1.14 CPA, with 132.6 % increase. The average CTC was 30.21 LPA, and the median CTC was 27.2 LPA. Companies like EY, Google, Accenture, Hitachi, HUL, MAQ Software, etc. visited the campus with job offers.Read more
0
0
2 Answer
●●●

Comments



No Comments To Show

Bachelor of Business Administration [BBA] (Hotel Management) Colleges IN INDIA

View All
2.3 L first year fees
VIEW ALL COURSES & FEES
University of Jammu
Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
1.03 K first year fees
VIEW ALL COURSES & FEES
RKDF University
Ranchi, Jharkhand
95 K first year fees
VIEW ALL COURSES & FEES
IPS Academy
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
91 K first year fees
VIEW ALL COURSES & FEES
LNCT University - [LNCTU]
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
42 K first year fees
VIEW ALL COURSES & FEES
Himalayan University - [HU]
Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh