Nearly Unrivaled In Their Biological Diversity, Coral Reefs Provide GMAT Sentence Correction

Question: Nearly unrivaled in their biological diversity, coral reefs provide a host of benefits that includes the supply of protein for people, protecting shorelines, and they contain biochemical sources for new life-saving medicines.

1. coral reefs provide a host of benefits that includes the supply of protein for people, protecting shorelines,
2. coral reefs provide a host of benefits: they supply people with protein, they protect the shorelines,
3. coral reefs provide a host of benefits that include supplying protein for people, as well as shoreline protection,
4. a coral reef provides a host of benefits; they supply protein for people, the protecting of shorelines,
5. a coral reef provides a host of benefits, including protein for people, protecting shorelines,

“Nearly unrivaled in their biological diversity, coral reefs provide” - is a GMAT sentence correction question. These GMAT sentence correction questions contain grammatical errors in the underlined portion of the sentence. The GMAT sentence correction questions measure the proficiency of the students. The candidates need to identify effective expressions by applying proper grammatical rules. The candidates need to understand lengthy and complicated sentences precisely in order to crack the question. GMAT sentence correction is part of GMAT verbal.

Answer: B
Explanation:

The adjustment that is asked in the sentence can be justified with the help of the guidelines given below:

• Parallelism
• Subject-verb agreement
• Pronoun
• Meaning

The structure of the sentence is as follows:

Nearly unrivaled in their biological diversity, coral reefs offer a host of benefits. They used to supply people with protein and protect the shorelines and contain biochemical sources for new life-saving medicines.

Option A: Incorrect

The statement cites “coral reefs provide a host of benefits that includes the supply of protein for people, protecting shorelines,...”.The statement does not maintain the parallelism of the sentence. Moreover, the singular form “includes” is used in the statement instead of ‘include’. Therefore, the option is incorrect as it does not support the rule of grammar.

Option B: Correct

The statement in this option indicates “coral reefs provide a host of benefits: they supply people with protein, they protect the shorelines,..”. The statement cites “they supply…they protect… and they contain” maintains the parallelism very well. Therefore, the option is correct as it satisfies the meaning of the sentence.

Option C: Incorrect

Option C which suggests “coral reefs … that include supplying protein for people, as well as shoreline protection,...” is not structurally parallel in order. Hence there is a parallelism error in the statement. Therefore, option C is incorrect and gets eliminated.

Option D: Incorrect

The statement in option D is incorrect since it is also not structurally parallel. The statement cites “.. their biological diversity, a coral reef provides…; they supply…, the protecting of..,” does not get satisfied with the host. Moreover, the pronoun ‘their’ in the non-underlined part of the sentence needs a ‘plural’ subject. But here, a singular subject “a coral reef” is used in the sentence. Therefore, option D is irrelevant and gets out of scope.

Option E: Incorrect

The statement in option E is incorrect as it consists of a parallelism issue. The “protein for people”, “protecting shorelines” and “they contain” in the statement are not structurally parallel. Moreover, the pronoun “their” present in the non-underlined part of the sentence needs a plural subject. The statement here deals with a singular subject i.e “a coral reef”. Hence, option E is irrelevant and gets eliminated.

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